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HRV (Heart rate variability) comprises oscillations between RR intervals that reflect changes in heart rate due to the joint action of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system.
How is the exam performed?
Its analysis can be performed according to two parameters: time domain and frequency domain. The electrocardiogram, analogue converters and cardiofrequency meters are the main instruments used to obtain their indices, where high variability indicates good physiological adaptation of the organism, while its reduction has been pointed out as an important indicator for the appearance of pathologies or complications in patients with known underlying diseases.
The heart is an organ that has cells with its own rhythmicity, capable of generating action potentials, responsible for establishing the heart rate whose control is done, in part, by the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). This, in turn, is divided into a so-called sympathetic area that acts on the myocardium and a parasympathetic area that acts on the sinoatrial node, atrial myocardium and the atrioventricular node.
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The discovery of the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and mortality from cardiovascular diseases made it necessary to carry out studies on the increase in sympathetic activity and reduction in parasympathetic activity, a condition found in several pathologies of the cardiovascular system, and the development of quantitative activity markers heart rate variability, with heart rate variability (HRV) being the most promising marker.